用于治疗心力衰竭的药物

研究表明，有几种药物是治疗心力衰竭的最佳药物.

心力衰竭治疗的目标是帮助你活得更长，生活质量更好. Treating heart failure with medication can lessen fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling. 它还有助于提高你的能量水平，这样你就可以进行身体活动. Medications can stop or slow the progress of the disease, even if you have no signs or symptoms. 心力衰竭患者可能需要多种药物治疗. Each one treats a different symptom or contributing factor and comes with its own instructions and rules.

You and your caregivers should work with your health care team to understand the medications and when, 多长沙巴足球体育平台服用一次，剂量是多少. 严格按照医嘱服药. Don’t change how much you take or when you take them without talking to your health care team. 如果他们改变了你的剂量，问问为什么需要改变. 一定要告诉你的医疗保健专业人员你正在服用的所有药物, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements or herbal medicines.

The following list gives you a quick look at many typical medications to treat heart failure at different stages. 你的处方可能和这里列出的名字不一样. Brand names commonly available in the United States are shown in parentheses after the generic name for each drug.

Download a medication tracker (PDF)

*Some of the major types of commonly prescribed heart failure medications are summarized in this section. For your information and reference, we have included generic names as well as major trade names to help you identify what you might be taking. 然而，美国心脏协会并没有推荐或认可任何特定的产品. 如果你的处方药不在这张单子上, remember that your health care professional and pharmacist are your best sources of information. It’s important to discuss all of the drugs you take with your health care professionals and understand their desired effects and possible side effects. Never stop taking a medication and never change your dose or frequency without first consulting your health care professional.

血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARBs)

ACE抑制剂和arb通过扩张血管来降低血压. 这减少了心脏的负荷，有助于防止心力衰竭恶化.

常用的ACE抑制剂包括:

• Captopril (Capoten)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
• Perindopril (Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Trandolapril (Mavik)
• Benazepril
• Moexipril

Commonly prescribed ARBs include:

• Candesartan (Atacand)
• Losartan (Cozaar)
• Valsartan (Diovan)

血管紧张素受体溶血素抑制剂(ARNIs)

aris是一种由neprilysin抑制剂和ARB组成的药物组合. Neprilysin is an enzyme that breaks down natural substances in the body that open narrowed arteries. Limiting the effect of neprilysin increases the effects of these substances and improves artery opening and blood flow, 减少钠潴留，减少对心脏的压力. Commonly prescribed ARNIs include:

• Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto)

I_f Channel blocker (or inhibitor)

This drug class reduces the heart rate, similar to another class of drugs called beta blockers. 常用的I(f)通道阻滞剂包括:

• Ivabradine (Corlanor)

-受体阻滞剂(也称为-肾上腺素能阻滞剂)

常用的受体阻滞剂包括:

• Acebutolol
• Atenolol (Tenormin)
• Betaxolol (Bisoprolol)
• Carvedilol (Coreg)
• Carvedilol phosphate (Coreg CR)
• Labetalol (Trandate)
• 琥珀酸美托洛尔(Toprol XL和Kapspargo Sprinkle)
• Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
• Nadolol (Corgard)
• Nebivolol (Bystolic)
• Pindolol (Visken)
• 心得安(Inderal, inderla和InnoPran XL)

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors improve blood glucose control and decrease body weight and blood pressure. 这类药物是用来治疗糖尿病的, 但它已被发现对心力衰竭患者有帮助. 常用的SGLT-2抑制剂包括:

• Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
• Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

Aldosterone Antagonists

常用的醛固酮拮抗剂包括:

• Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• Eplerenone (Inspra)

Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate

这些药物是一种血管扩张剂，可以扩张血管. When blood vessels widen, blood flows more easily and the heart doesn’t have to work as hard.

这些药物可与ACE抑制剂和arb一起使用. 或者，如果你不能使用其他药物，它们可以单独使用. Some vasodilators, such as nitrates (nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate), 主要是使静脉变大，但也扩张冠状动脉. 其他的(肼嗪)主要作用于动脉.

You may need to take two vasodilators if your blood pressure is high or if your symptoms keep you from doing your usual activities.

研究表明，这些药物, when added to standard therapy, can reduce mortality and hospitalization and improve quality of life for patients with African ancestry in particular.

These drugs can be prescribed as 2 separate medications (hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate), 或作为含有两种药物的单一药丸(比地尔).

Diuretics (also known as water pills)

What this type of medication does:

• 使身体通过排尿排出多余的液体和钠.
• 有助于减轻心脏的负荷.
• Decreases the buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, such as the ankles and legs. 不同的利尿剂通过不同的方法以不同的速率排出液体.

Commonly prescribed include:

• Furosemide (Lasix)
• Bumetanide (Bumex)
• Torsemide (Demadex)
• Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
• 阿米洛利(咪达莫氯噻酮，Hygroton)
• 氢氯噻嗪或HCTZ (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
• Indapamide (Lozol)
• Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
• Triamterene (Dyrenium)

其他可能被开的药物

Your health care professional may also prescribe other less commonly used drugs depending on your additional health problems. These drugs include:

• Anticoagulants (*blood thinners): These drugs may be prescribed if you are a heart failure patient with atrial fibrillation or have another problem with your heart. 抗凝剂用于心房颤动的心力衰竭患者, an artificial heart valve, 或者对血栓风险高的人. 它们有助于防止血栓的形成和血液流动的阻塞. 血块可能在腿部、肺部或心脏形成. 如果血块破裂并卡在供应心脏或大脑的血管中, a heart attack or stroke can result.
• Cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins): Your health care professional could prescribe this class of medication if you have high cholesterol or have had a heart attack. 这类药物不用于治疗心力衰竭，但用于治疗其他疾病. They help prevent the formation of plaque, which helps reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Digoxin: This medication might be used to strengthen the heart’s pumping action and reduce a heart rate that’s too fast. 地高辛在体内的水平必须通过血液测试来监测. If too much builds up in the blood, side effects may occur, including loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headaches. 心率也会变得太快或太慢. Always report any side effects of this medication to your health care professional right away. Some heart failure patients might be prescribed this drug to improve blood flow to the kidneys if the health care professional feels it’s warranted.
• CCBs (calcium channel blockers) affect calcium’s role in the contraction of the heart muscle. This allows the muscles to relax, 哪一种有助于控制高血压和改善心脏血液循环.
• Potassium helps control heart rhythm and is essential for the normal work of the nervous system and muscles. 利尿剂可以将钾从体内清除, 所以可能需要补充钾来补充流失的钾.
• 氧疗将浓氧输送到肺部. 这有助于增加进入血液的氧气量. Oxygen therapy can improve shortness of breath and increase a person’s ability to be physically active.

Additional medication information:

• Download our Medication Tracker (PDF)
• Find further descriptions of how these medications also affect cardiovascular diseases other than heart failure.